Varanasi is poised to host India’s first Net-Zero Library, a flagship sustainable infrastructure project developed by the Varanasi Development Authority (VDA) with a budget of Rs 20 crores and support from NHPC Limited. Located on the LT College campus, this 20,930-square-foot facility will feature advanced green technologies to produce as much energy as it consumes annually.
Equipped with solar panels, rainwater harvesting, energy-efficient HVAC and lighting systems, and smart water management, the library aims to be a beacon for eco-friendly urban development. With a seating capacity of 500 and over 35,000 books, it also offers multipurpose spaces including a digital library, children’s area, auditorium, and cultural gallery.
The wave-inspired architectural design draws from the sacred Ganga river and traditional temple aesthetics, blending culture with climate-conscious innovation. Construction is expected to begin soon and finish by 2026, placing Varanasi at the forefront of India’s net-zero carbon emission ambitions.
Marrying Tradition with Technology: The Architecture and Features of the Net-Zero Library
The Net-Zero Library project transcends conventional public buildings by embedding sustainability deep into its design ethos. The roof will be fitted with high-efficiency solar photovoltaic panels to meet the building’s energy requirements, while rainwater harvesting systems and water recycling facilities ensure minimal freshwater use and waste.
The HVAC and lighting will be engineered to save up to 40% energy compared to typical structures, utilising smart controls and natural ventilation wherever possible. The building façade, shaped like waves, symbolises the eternal flow of the River Ganga, evoking spiritual symbolism alongside modern aesthetics, as explained by Pulkit Garg, Vice Chairman of VDA.
The inclusion of a biodiverse green terrace will enhance microclimate regulation and foster community wellbeing. Deepak Rai, founder of BOOTES—the engineering firm responsible for this design—highlighted their commitment to climate resilience, underscoring the library’s role as a template for future municipal projects that prioritise environmental stewardship without sacrificing cultural identity.
Varanasi and India: Pioneering Sustainable Urban Public Spaces
India is accelerating its journey towards net-zero emissions by 2070, requiring innovative efforts across sectors. While net-zero offices and residential buildings have emerged in major metros and educational campuses, this library is pioneering within public cultural infrastructure, especially in historic cities like Varanasi.
The project aligns with the Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) and is part of a broader national push for sustainable urbanisation, demonstrating how even deeply traditional cities can successfully integrate green innovations.
The partnership between VDA and NHPC Limited exemplifies the rising importance of public-private collaboration in tackling climate challenges. By situating this landmark within Varanasi’s rich heritage landscape, the project sends a powerful message about harmonising past and future, culture and climate action.
The Logical Indian’s Perspective
India’s first Net-Zero Library in Varanasi stands as a compelling symbol of hope amidst pressing environmental challenges. At The Logical Indian, we commend such breakthroughs that stitch cultural reverence into the fabric of sustainable innovation. Buildings are not just physical spaces—they shape how communities learn, connect, and care for their environment.
This library transcends being a repository of books; it embodies a call to action for architects, policymakers, and citizens alike to rethink urban development through a lens of empathy and planetary care. As India strides toward cleaner, greener cities, public infrastructure like this can catalyse widespread change by inspiring people and raising awareness.
