Arnab Goswami Heard, Kerala Journalist's Plea Refused, Curious Case Of Article 32

On November 16, Chief Justice of India SA Bobde deferred the habeas corpus petition filed by Kerala Union of Working Journalists (KUWJ) seeking the release of Kerala journalist Siddique Kappan. The court refused to hear the plea, stating the pendency of 'spate of petitions' under Article 32 as the reason.

The journalists union had filed a habeas corpus petition seeking immediate release of Kappan, citing the violation of the fundamental rights. A habeas corpus petition is filed under Article 32 of the Indian Constitution, which allows the Court to order the government to produce the said person before it to verify if they were detained as per the procedure entrenched by the law.

Kappan was arrested in Mathura by the Uttar Pradesh police on October 5 while on his way to Hathras to report on the alleged rape and murder of a Dalit girl. He, along with three others, was detained and charged with sedition and under the anti-terrorism law, Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA).

Senior Advocate Kapil Sibal, appearing on behalf of the union, said that there was no concrete reason behind Kappan's arrest. Neither the FIR names him, nor any offences were alleged. Still, he has been kept in jail since October 5, and not allowed to meet the lawyer and the family. Sibal said the circumstances were exceptional in this case. He said the court has granted bail in Article 32 petitions, and in this case, too, an extraordinary situation arose due to the arrest of a journalist.

To this, CJI Bobde told Sibal the top Court was not on the merits of the case and raised questions about not approaching the Allahabad HC before the SC. Sibal responded that as Kappan was not allowed to meet anyone and was in jail, he could not go to the High Court, and an Affidavit had also been submitted in the same regard.

Bobde said there was a 'spate of petitions' under Article 32 pending before the top court and it was trying to 'discourage' them. "We are trying to discourage Article 32 petitions (power of Supreme Court to provide relief for violation of fundamental rights). There is a spate of Article 32 petitions."

The court then adjourned the hearing for Friday and issued notice to the UP government for their response on the Union's petition for Kappan.

Arnab Goswami's Case

A few days earlier, on November 11, the top court granted interim bail to Republic TV Editor-in-Chief Arnab Goswami in a 2018 abetment to suicide case, after Bombay HC dismissed his plea saying that Goswami had the remedy under the law to approach the sessions court concerned and seek regular bail. The Supreme Court, while granting the bail had observed that 'states must realise there's an apex court to protect the liberty of citizens'.

Bobde's Statement

CJI Bobde's statement in Kappan's case has raised multiple questions. The apex court has come under heavy criticism for having 'contradictory' statements over cases dealing with citizen's fundamental rights, given Goswami's case and Kappan's at present.

Given the apex court is the final supervisor and protector of the fundamental rights, the question arises as to what will be the implications of CJI's statement?

Article 32

Architect of the Constitution of India Dr B R Ambedkar, defined Article 32 as the soul of the Indian Constitution. It grants the right to move the Supreme Court by appropriate proceedings for the enforcement of the rights. The right guaranteed by this article shall not be suspended except as otherwise provided for by the Constitution. It allows a citizen to file petitions directly before the Supreme Court, bypassing lower courts in the process.

Advocates' Point Of View

Speaking to The Logical Indian, Bombay High Court advocate Vijayalaxmi Khopade called CJI Bobde's statement as 'unfortunate'. Khopade said it is not the prerogative of the judiciary to encourage or discourage the usage of specific act or law or provision in the law. They have to stick to what is in front of them. They have discretionary powers like suo motu powers, but they too are enabling in nature.

"The Supreme Court has the power to take cognisance of some cases or offences and take favourable actions for the same. Justice Bobde's statement will somewhere send a message that one can retract the petition," Khopade said.

Speaking to TLI, Senior Advocate Abha Singh said that Bobde's statement does have merit - to approach the High Court before the apex court. "This has been the recent tendency, of not approaching the High Court, and rushing to the Supreme Court. In that case, Justice Bobde has rightly asked to approach the HC, but one cannot curtail a person's fundamental right if she/he wants to go to Supreme court."

Impact On Public

Singh said that if Goswami's case is taken, Justice Shinde rightly noted that the petitioner had the remedy under the law to approach the sessions court concerned and seek regular bail.

However, he bypassed the sessions court. Above all, the Supreme Court entertained it. Singh said if there is a set procedure for attaining justice, it should be followed by everyone. There is a hierarchy that needs to be followed.

"The SC can't show to the country that there are two sets of people, one more privileged than the other. The hierarchy should be for everyone." Singh said the Supreme Court's image has come under a siege, as some of the stands taken by the Court have not been in a good light. "I think the SC needs to show to its people that it is above all these issues - regional politics, hidden agendas."

The senior advocate said that people have started casting aspersions on the apex court which has not happened before, doubting its very functioning - whether politicians are compromising it, or having hidden hands trying to control the court orders.

Singh said that the Supreme Court needs to show that it is neutral and works under public transparency and that cases concerning the fundamental rights of a person are dealt without any biases.

Khopade also talked about the importance of registry, and how it is important to make the functioning of the registry transparent and more accountable, as this is one of the significant ways to counter such statements of deterring the usage of a certain article or provisions of law.

"The only way to counter check it is making the functioning of the registry absolutely transparent, and that can be done by publishing decisions made in a certain case available in the public domain. In addition, to decide the urgency of a particular case is the prerogative of the registry and therefore, it should not be blatant and unchecked," Khopade added.

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