"Fact-Checkers Confront Multiple Challenges": Enock Nyariki On Fighting Against Misinformation

In recent years, the prominence of fact-checking within journalism has grown significantly. This trend is evident in the rising global presence of fact-checking organizations. While traditionally associated with the realm of established media outlets, fact-checking has also become a central focus for NGOs, charitable organizations, and non-media-affiliated entities. Fact-checking practices encompass a spectrum of approaches, often revolving around a shared commitment to upholding the integrity of "facts" and their dissemination. However, there can be considerable divergence in the methods employed, ranging from the selection of claims to the manner in which fact-checks are presented and communicated to the public.

The Logical Indian spoke to Enock Nyariki on various aspects of fact-checking and its importance in this fast-changing world. Enock Nyariki currently serves as the Community and Impact Manager at the Poynter Institute within the International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN). Prior to this role, he held positions as the News Editor and Managing Editor at PesaCheck, playing a pivotal role in initiating and overseeing fact-checking initiatives in nine African nations.

Below are excerpts from the interview.

1. Can you provide an overview of the important progress made by fact-checkers in recent years? How has the landscape of fact-checking evolved?

Since the IFCN's establishment in 2015, its reach and impact have expanded dramatically. From an initial group of fewer than 35 organizations in 27 countries, the network has swelled to over 150 verified signatories working in more than 80 nations. This growth is more than just numbers; it's about efficacy and collaboration. For instance, targeted campaigns like #UkraineFacts and #CoronaVirusFactsAlliance illustrate the network's collective efforts to counter misinformation on urgent global issues. But the work doesn't stop at these campaigns. IFCN signatories actively mentor one another, establish regional partnerships, and participate at annual summits for fact-checkers. This cultivates a cohesive and potent community that's committed to improving the quality of public discourse.

2. How has the collaboration among fact-checkers and the establishment of the International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN) contributed to their effectiveness?

Over the past eight years, the IFCN has acted as a hub for global fact-checkers, offering monthly meetings, specialized 'IFCN Talks,' and the long-standing GlobalFact conference. This collaboration has led to impactful projects that combat misinformation, whether tackling election falsehoods on a regional level or addressing global concerns through initiatives like #UkraineFacts and #CoronaVirusFactsAlliance.

3. In your opinion, what are the biggest challenges faced by fact-checkers in today's information ecosystem?

In today's information ecosystem, fact-checkers confront multiple challenges, chief among them being harassment, trolls, and legal threats. They often find themselves in the crosshairs, targeted by those whose misleading narratives are threatened by factual scrutiny. Another pressing concern is financial vulnerability, mainly due to an over-reliance on single or limited revenue streams that could evaporate at any moment.

To counter these issues, fact-checkers can build stronger digital security measures and community support networks to shield against harassment and legal intimidation. For now, IFCN’s Legal Defense Fund is crucial for fact-checkers facing lawsuits because of their journalism. Additionally, diversifying revenue sources — perhaps through reader memberships, grants, new partnerships — can offer a more stable financial footing.

4. How important is it for fact-checkers to work together and share resources and best practices? What benefits can be derived from such collaboration?

Collaboration among fact-checkers is crucial for a more effective battle against misinformation. Sharing resources and best practices not only strengthens each organization's capabilities but also speeds up the overall growth of the fact-checking field and media literacy. Partnerships often form as a natural outcome of this collaboration, connecting fact-checkers with tech platforms, researchers, and other important players. I think working together amplifies impact, extends reach, and empowers the fact-checking community to tackle its evolving challenges.

5. Can you discuss any specific instances where fact-checkers working together had a significant impact on countering misinformation or disinformation campaigns?

During Nigeria's 2023 elections, the country’s fact-checkers created a coalition of multiple organizations to counter falsehoods. The group didn't just scrutinize politicians; it actively flagged social media disinformation, compelling candidates to think twice about spreading false narratives.

In Brazil's 2022 election, a similar collaborative effort won the GlobalFact 10 award for Most Innovative Collaboration. These examples show that when fact-checkers collaborate, they not only improve the quality of fact-based public discourse but also hold political figures more accountable.

6. What role does technology play in supporting the work of fact-checkers? Are there any emerging technologies or tools that you believe will revolutionize fact-checking practices?

Technology is integral to the modern fact-checker's toolkit. With tools ranging from basic search engines to advanced data analytics software, tech equips fact-checkers to sift through a sea of claims, identify falsehoods, and debunk them effectively. Artificial intelligence, especially large language models like ChatGPT, is on track to significantly alter the landscape.

These tools are, however, a double-edged sword. While they streamline the process for fact-checkers to identify and debunk disinformation, they also make it easier for bad actors to produce and spread misleading narratives. AI, for example, can create realistic deepfakes and custom-tailor disinformation to targeted groups, escalating the challenges in combating misinformation. As technology advances, the tactics used by both fact-checkers and purveyors of false narratives will inevitably evolve.

7. How can fact-checkers engage with the public more effectively to build trust and combat the spread of misinformation?

By rigorously following the International Fact-Checking Network's Code of Principles, I think fact-checkers can establish a gold standard for credibility and transparency. This commitment serves as a bedrock for public trust, making it easier to involve people in media literacy campaigns and collective fact-checking initiatives. With informed public participation, the population that’s susceptible to misinformation is reduced.

8. In light of the evolving nature of misinformation and disinformation, what steps can the fact-checking community take to stay ahead and adapt to emerging trends?

To stay ahead of evolving misinformation trends, fact-checkers should leverage predictive analytics and real-time monitoring to swiftly counter emerging false narratives. By collaborating across sectors like media, academia, and tech, they can develop faster and more effective debunking methods. An ongoing investment in public education and media literacy campaigns serves as a proactive defense, equipping the public against new disinformation tactics.

10. What advice do you have for aspiring fact-checkers and those interested in joining the field?

For those eyeing a career in fact-checking, understand this: You're stepping into a crucial role that upholds democracy. Don't underestimate the power of fact-based discourse in issues of public interest. But brace for challenges—trolls and harassers come with the territory. If you're ready to weather that storm, welcome. This work is less a job and more a calling, a public service committed to equipping society with truth. Commit fully, and the impact you make will be immeasurable.