Since India’s independence in 1947, the Gorkha Regiment, born out of the Britain–Nepal–India tripartite Agreement, has stood as an unyielding guardian of the Himalayas. Comprising six regiments integrated into the Indian Army and a seventh re-raised post-independence, these valiant soldiers, primarily from the ethnic Gurkha communities of Nepal and India, have etched an indelible mark in history. This article unravels the saga of the Gorkha Regiment, tracing its origins, pivotal moments in wars, and its enduring legacy.
Impressed by the formidable Gorkha warriors during the Gurkha War, Sir David Ochterlony recognized the potential of the Gorkhas in the British Indian Army. In 1815, the first battalion, known as the Nasiri Regiment, was raised, later becoming the 1st King George’s Own Gurkha Rifles. The Gorkhas played a pivotal role in the expansion of the British East India Company across the subcontinent, participating in various conflicts, including the Gurkha-Sikh War, Anglo-Sikh Wars, Afghan wars, and the Indian Rebellion of 1857.
Following India’s independence, a tripartite agreement was signed, allowing six of the ten Gorkha regiments in the British Indian Army to transfer to the new Indian Army. These regiments, such as the 1st King George V’s Own Gurkha Rifles and 5th Royal Gurkha Rifles, became an integral part of India’s defence. The spelling of ‘Gurkha’ in the Indian Army was later changed to the traditional ‘Gorkha’ in 1949, and royal titles were dropped upon India becoming a republic in 1950.
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The Gorkha regiments played a significant role in both World Wars, earning extensive battle honours from Monte Cassino to Rangoon. Their courage was acknowledged even by the German Afrikakorps during the North African campaign. Post-independence, the Gorkhas have been actively involved in every major campaign, including the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and the Kargil War of 1999.
Beyond the borders, the Gorkhas have participated in international peacekeeping missions in Lebanon, Sudan, and Sierra Leone. Their valor has been recognized with gallantry awards, including the Param Vir Chakra and the Maha Vir Chakra. Major Dhan Singh Thapa, in the 1962 Sino-Indian conflict, and Captain Manoj Kumar Pandey, during the Kargil War, exemplify the unwavering bravery of the Gorkha soldiers.
As of 2023, there are 39 Gorkha battalions serving in 7 regiments, with regimental centers strategically located in major cities. Affiliated with Rashtriya Rifles battalions and Territorial Army units, the Gorkha Rifle regiments continue to contribute to India’s defense and security.
The Gorkha Regiment stands as a testament to courage, discipline, and unwavering dedication. From their origins in the Gurkha War to the modern-day conflicts, the Gorkhas have remained steadfast in their commitment to safeguarding the nation. As we salute the brave “Guardians of the Himalayas,” it is evident that the Gorkha Regiment’s legacy is not merely confined to the pages of history; it continues to be written on the challenging terrains they defend with unparalleled valor.
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