A series of clinical studies conducted at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) between March and September 2020 have revealed significant neurological complications associated with Covid-19 infection and, to a lesser extent, Covid vaccination.
Among 3,200 patients with neurological illnesses, 120 (3.75%) had confirmed Covid infections accompanied by neurological disorders including stroke, encephalopathy, seizures, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Patients ranged in age from 3 to 84 years, with a median age of 49.
Symptoms such as altered consciousness (47%), seizures (21%), and loss of smell (14.2%) were common. Experts emphasise the need for ongoing long-term monitoring of neurological outcomes in Covid survivors to better understand and manage these complications.
Neurological Manifestations of Covid-19: Key Findings from NIMHANS
The comprehensive review of hospital records at NIMHANS, led by Dr Netravathi M, highlights how Covid-19 affects both central and peripheral nervous systems through several mechanisms — including direct viral invasion, hypoxia, blood clots, and autoimmune responses.
The study documented 43 cases of stroke, 23 encephalopathy cases, 5 meningoencephalitis cases, 5 seizures, 7 headaches, and 10 Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) cases among Covid-positive patients. Nearly half of these patients had experienced fever prior to neurological symptoms.
The research underlines the spectrum of Covid-related neurological disorders, ranging from mild symptoms like headache and anosmia to severe and life-threatening conditions such as stroke and GBS. Dr Netravathi recommended creating a multi-centre nationwide registry to track long-term neurological and vaccine-related effects for more effective treatment planning.
A Growing Concern: Long-Term Neurological and Post-Covid Complications
Global and national data confirm that neurological symptoms may persist or emerge weeks to months after acute Covid infection, often referred to as “long Covid.” Studies indicate that around 6% of patients develop immediate neurological complications, and about 3% face long-term neurological issues such as cognitive impairment, memory loss, vision disturbances, and neuropathies.
The presence of co-morbidities like diabetes and hypertension may heighten this risk. Recent research in India and globally has called attention to a need for multidisciplinary post-Covid rehabilitation programmes focusing on neurological and mental health recovery, especially for vulnerable populations like the elderly and those with pre-existing conditions.
Expert Advice: Monitoring and Managing Neurological Outcomes
Medical experts recommend that healthcare providers remain vigilant for neurological symptoms during both the acute phase of Covid-19 infection and the recovery period thereafter. Early detection of neurological complications and timely, multidisciplinary care involving neurologists, physiotherapists, mental health professionals, and occupational therapists can significantly improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
It is important for individuals recovering from Covid-19 to regularly follow up with their healthcare providers and report any new or persistent neurological symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, seizures, cognitive difficulties, or sensory changes. Additionally, managing underlying health conditions like diabetes and hypertension can reduce the risk of complications.
Vaccination against Covid-19 remains essential in preventing severe illness, although rare neurological side effects should be transparently monitored and reported. People are advised not to make any lifestyle or treatment changes without consulting their doctors or qualified health professionals.
The Logical Indian’s Perspective
These findings remind us that Covid-19 is not solely a respiratory disease but a complex condition affecting multiple organ systems, including the brain and nerves.
The Logical Indian emphasises adopting a compassionate, science-informed approach to patient care, integrating neurological surveillance in Covid management and rehabilitation plans.
While vaccines are crucial in controlling the pandemic, ongoing research and open communication about neurological effects can build informed trust among the public.
